Physics

Nadia Abdelal

Nadia Abdelal

Born in Tripoli, Lebanon • Birth year 1975 Studied Science and Education at Monash University in Melbourne • Highest Degree Post Graduate Diploma in Secondary Education • Lives in Melbourne, Australia • Occupation Mathematics Education Specialist

There were only two things I ever wanted to be as a child – an artist or a scientist. Growing up as the daughter of a struggling artist, you can guess which one I was vehemently encouraged not to pursue. So, with great regret, I set aside my artistic dreams to focus on the more ‘financially stable’ study of science.

However, for a young migrant girl born in the 1970s, things were not that simple. Back then, women and girls weren’t even close to touching the glass ceiling, let alone breaking it. We were too busy dodging patriarchal bullets. For many women, particularly those of certain ethnicities, the central mission was marriage and children. Our dreams didn’t amount to much because there was only really one worth pursuing, and it definitely did not end with the word “scientist”.

(…) How does someone who was told by teachers that she would never understand maths, and who failed almost all her maths exams, end up as a maths education specialist?

Despite this, I was not discouraged. Much to the dismay of my mother, I had inherited my father’s burning desire to punch the status quo right in the face. Consequently, my feminist roots sprouted early. If I’m being totally honest, while I genuinely loved science, the idea of pushing against gender stereotypes, some of which still exist today, was equally as appealing. So, I set my course with determination.

It was not without its obstacles – and there were many. One obstacle in particular that could have derailed my entire professional future was my ongoing struggle with mathematics. I didn’t just struggle a little; I struggled a lot. For as long as I can remember, and throughout school, it was one of my greatest sources of shame. My failures in this subject accompanied me through primary school, high school, and even into university, where I eventually graduated with a major in physics and geophysics.

But how? How does someone manage to get a degree in physics while struggling so much with maths? And how does someone who was told by teachers that she would never understand maths, and who failed almost all her maths exams, end up as a maths education specialist? The answer is this: it’s not that I wasn’t good at maths, or that I couldn’t understand it. It was simply that I couldn’t understand the way maths was being taught to me!

Traditional mathematics approaches may work for a small percentage of the population, but the majority, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, non-native language speakers, or those with non-neurotypical brains, are rarely among that select few.

Traditional mathematics approaches may work for a small percentage of the population, but the majority, especially those from lower socio-economic backgrounds, non-native language speakers, or those with non-neurotypical brains, are rarely among that select few. Unfortunately for me, I fell into all three categories, so school was a constant struggle. However, science was my art – a creative outlet for my curiosity, and anyone can tell you that when you love something and are curious about it, the teaching becomes secondary to the learning.

As I moved further into my career, I began to apply this newfound understanding to my teaching, shifting away from traditional methods and towards more conceptual approaches to maths education – methods that I wished I had been exposed to as a child and as a student of STEM.

The decision to leave the safety of my classroom in 2016 was a very difficult and personal one. However, it shaped some of the greatest learnings and experiences of my lifetime, and three years later, it led me to begin my company, EM Maths Consulting.

I began my life wanting to be one of two things, an artist or a scientist, and little did I know that I would end up as both.

The fear that comes with putting everything on the line to follow a dream can be debilitating. However, sometimes the desire to follow it is just too strong to ignore. So here I am, eight years on, and still clinging to the convictions that started me on this pathway – to drive change in mathematics education, and to encourage a system that supports and nurtures the strengths and uniqueness of every child regardless of race, gender, demographic, or physical, emotional, or spiritual preferences.

I made many discoveries along the way, but the best one was this: There is a little scientist in all of us, one who is compelled to ask questions, be curious, seek synergy, and find beauty. We don’t often connect these things to the learning of mathematics, but we should. I began my life wanting to be one of two things, an artist or a scientist, and little did I know that I would end up as both.

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Mónica D. Morales-Hernández

Mónica D. Morales-Hernández

Born in Nuevo Leon, Mexico • Birth year 1989 Studied Applied Mathematics at UAA in Mexico • Highest Degree Master of Science in Mathematical Sciences from Clemson University, USA • Lives in New York, USA • Occupation Assistant Teaching Professor

I am an applied mathematician and educator now, but that wasn’t my initial goal. I originally aspired to be a physicist. Since my university didn’t have a physics major, I decided to pursue mathematics instead.

The field [of computational mathematics] is dominated by white male mathematicians, which means female faculty and underrepresented groups often face sexism and discrimination.

While pursuing my undergraduate and graduate studies in Mexico, I had the chance to do research using numerical methods to model bacterial growth. During my time at Clemson University, working on my Master’s degree in Computational Mathematics, I had the chance to dive into some fascinating projects. One of the highlights was working with something called the Leray alpha model, which is a regularization of the Navier-Stokes equations that has shown effectiveness in numerical simulations of turbulent and complex flows. Working on this project holds a special meaning for me. It was not only the first research project I worked on in the United States, but it also involved a type of mathematics (Finite Element Method) that I had not had access to in Mexico, and it was a physics problem, which fulfilled my dream of becoming a physicist.

Computational mathematics is not easily accessible to everyone. The field is dominated by white male mathematicians, which means female faculty and underrepresented groups often face sexism and discrimination. Additionally, it is an expensive field, with the cost of software, books, and conferences creating barriers for people trying to access this knowledge.

(…) My students have used their knowledge to model the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, analyze income inequality in New York City using the Gini coefficient, and determine appropriate drug dosages (…).

Due to these challenges, I have been advocating for greater access to information and knowledge. As an educator, I truly believe that mathematics is a skill that can be developed if you practice and are given the correct resources. This belief has guided my approach to teaching, where I’ve made a conscious effort to integrate practical applications and research components into traditional coursework. In courses like Calculus 2 and Linear Algebra, I have incorporated a research component where students tackle real-life problems, with a special emphasis on social justice issues. This innovative approach allows students to apply mathematical techniques learned in class and numerical methods to address significant societal challenges.

For instance, my students have used their knowledge to model the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, analyze income inequality in New York City using the Gini coefficient, and determine appropriate drug dosages, among other projects. These projects not only deepen their understanding of mathematical concepts but also highlight how mathematics can be a powerful tool for analyzing and solving real-world problems. By exploring the intersection of social justice and mathematics, students gain a broader perspective on how their skills can contribute to meaningful change in society.

The [EvenQuads card] decks pay tribute to notable women mathematicians and can be used to play various mathematical games.

As a woman of color, sexism and racism have been a challenging part of my academic journey. These experiences have motivated me to work towards making the math world a better place for women and other minorities. My passion for this cause led me to volunteer at the Association for Women in Mathematics, where I strive to create a more inclusive environment for underrepresented groups. I am a member of the EvenQuads Committee and currently serve as the Chair of the Student Chapters Committee. The EvenQuads card decks is a project created to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Association for Women in Mathematics. The decks pay tribute to notable women mathematicians and can be used to play various mathematical games. These cards acknowledge the significant, yet frequently overlooked, contributions of women to mathematics in research, education, and industry.

Through these combined efforts in my research, teaching and advocacy, my goal is to ensure that the field of mathematics is accessible and welcoming to everyone, regardless of their background.

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Dorcas Seshie Afi Mawutor

Dorcas Seshie Afi Mawutor

Born in Accra, Ghana • Birth year 2004 Studies physics with computer science at the University of Ghana • Lives in Accra, Ghana • Occupation Level 300 student, financial secretary of department, Huawei campus ambassador for the University of Ghana Huawei ICT Academy

I have always admired Marie Curie, not just for her pioneering work in science but for her fearless approach to understanding the world. Her words “Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood. Now is the time to understand more, so that we may fear less.” resonate deeply with me. I look at her pictures and see a fearless woman, reminding me of my journey and the questions I have asked myself and continue to ask: “Can I do this? Am I in the right field?”

My answers date back to my primary school days when my love for mathematics ignited my passion for physics. Even as a child, I was always very curious, constantly asking the WHYS, HOWS, and WHATS. My incessant questions often tired my teachers. I always found simpler and alternative ways to solve my math problems in class, feeling a deep sense of satisfaction when I arrived at the same answers as everyone else, but through a different approach. I’m not gonna lie, it made me feel like a genius.

Physics, as they say, is math in motion.

My journey into the world of physics began with a mixture of uncertainty, optimism, and determination. The uncertainty in my journey into physics arose from many questions about my future profession. In Ghana, physics graduates often become teachers or lecturers, a cycle I clearly want to break. This uncertainty fueled my optimism and determination, pushing me to explore diverse opportunities within the field. Moreover, the complexity and depth of physics as a subject can be intimidating. In senior high school, I found myself facing challenging material that often left me questioning my capabilities.

Physics, as they say, is math in motion. It is one abstract field. Its abstract concepts, such as quantum phenomena, special relativity, classical mechanics, cosmology, and mechanics, captivated and piqued my interest. I was also attracted to how difficult it seemed to grasp these concepts back in senior high school, which made me so competitive. It was either me conquering the physics subject or it totally conquering me.

Participating in The Girls in Mathematical Sciences program was transformative.

I remember being the first female in my school to contest in the national science and math quiz. My specialties as a candidate were my very brilliant skills and knowledge in physics and math. I was basically their human calculator as well as their math expert. I was glad when I chanced upon The Girls in Mathematical Sciences program organized by the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences. At first, I was skeptical about applying because I thought it was a program only for those interested in pursuing careers in mathematics, but my math teacher encouraged me to apply. I did, and voila, I got in. I am glad to have been part of the first cohort. Participating in The Girls in Mathematical Sciences program was transformative. I met exceptional young ladies whose enthusiasm encouraged me to study harder. Their confidence made me brave, and I deepened my passion for physics while learning about diverse career paths. Dr. Angela Tabiri inspired me as well.

I then realized that the program wasn’t geared only towards girls who wanted to pursue math; I met and appreciated the love of my life, PHYSICS. Funny, right? The world has its ways of doing things. I was enlightened on the various paths and careers that math and physics could lead to. At that point, I was wowed. I knew from then that pursuing a degree in physics wouldn’t be a bad idea either. Who knows? I might just be the next female Einstein.

Currently, I have a strong interest in quantum physics as well as machine learning, but I’m still exploring more options and hoping to intertwine physics with computer science.

I discovered various career paths through the program, including quantum physics, aerospace engineering, and data analysis. Currently, I have a strong interest in quantum physics as well as machine learning, but I’m still exploring more options and hoping to intertwine physics with computer science. Before my passion for physics, initially, my aspirations were firmly set on becoming a medical doctor, a path that seemed more defined and familiar (which is every science student’s dream).

My journey hasn’t been without challenges. Being a female in a predominantly male field can be daunting, especially since there aren’t many females pursuing physics. In my class, males make up about 85%. This disparity has been challenging, but it has also motivated me. In the future, I hope to contribute to the field of physics through research and innovation. I want to inspire other young girls, especially those from Africa, to pursue their passions in STEM fields. Curiosity has been my driving force, and I intend to keep it that way.

So here I am, Dorcas Seshie Afi Mawutor, a young woman from Accra with big dreams and a relentless spirit. My story is just beginning, and I am excited to see where this path will lead. Whether it’s unraveling the mysteries of the universe or inspiring the next generation of female scientists, I am ready for the journey ahead.

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Dr Camilla Schelpe

Dr Camilla Schelpe

Born in UK • Studied Theoretical Physics at Cambridge University, UK • Highest Degree PhD in Theoretical Physics  Lives in Cambridge, UK Current Occuptation: Quantitative Researcher at GAM Investments

I think I was very fortunate that as I grew up, what I was interested in and what I was good at aligned, so that even well before applying to university, I knew I wanted to study astrophysics and general relativity. Really, I think the seed was planted when I was about seven years old and my parents got me Patrick Moore’s “The Starry Sky” – an introductory book for budding astronomers. By a stroke of luck, my family moved to South Africa a few years later, and with the beautiful southern skies to gaze up at, my vague interest in astronomy became a cherished hobby. In retrospect, my parents and sister were amazingly supportive, but I took it completely for granted at the time. I remember family observing holidays in the Karoo (a semi-desert outside Cape Town), visiting the SAAO in Sutherland on their public open days, and camping out until 4am to observe Comet Hale-Bopp in ‘95.

I had a one-track mind about studying physics at university, and I specialised as quickly as I could into astrophysics and cosmology.

My early interest in observational astronomy developed into a much stronger theoretical interest as I got older and discovered that I found maths and physics intuitive and easy compared to other subjects at school. I had a one-track mind about studying physics at university, and I specialised as quickly as I could into astrophysics and cosmology. My PhD was focussed on a particular model to explain dark energy within modified theories of gravity, and I spent a happy four years exploring the possible astrophysical signatures that could lead to detection and proof, or disproof, of the model.

However, during my PhD I came to realise the difference between pure academic learning and a career in academic research. I loved learning about cosmology, but when it came to research, I found the techniques for making progress weren’t very field specific – I was chipping away at the corners of the unknown without much day-to-day exposure to the bigger picture. Those techniques could equally well be applied to other applications with just as much satisfaction.

I made the leap at the end of my PhD to join a small hedge-fund in Cambridge.

Funding is a constant challenge in the pursuit of any academic career and stability comes late in life, if at all. Shining as an alternative was a career in quantitative finance – either in a bank (to price exotic derivatives quickly and reliably) or in a hedge fund (to find patterns in data and design computer algorithms to predict the markets and manage risk). The advantages: no prior finance knowledge required, plenty of maths to keep you busy, a PhD is valued, and you are surrounded by a team of like-minded colleagues working towards a common goal. In my spare time, I started playing around with quant trading strategies, using Matlab and end of day close data from the stocks trading on the DAX, and really enjoyed the challenge, although in retrospect I look back in horror at how naïve I was and almost certainly overfitted the data. I made the leap at the end of my PhD to join a small hedge-fund in Cambridge.

They instilled in me a sense that anything was possible if you were interested and worked hard.

I have been extremely lucky to have two amazing, strong role models in my life: my mum and older sister, so if anything, I have a subconscious bias to see women as more successful! They instilled in me a sense that anything was possible if you were interested and worked hard. Also, I was home-educated from the age of nine, and so sheltered from much of the peer-pressure and judgement that a lot of teenagers experience. I only really woke-up to the existence of a gender imbalance in the sciences quite late in life. Both as a student and at work, I have (and I realise I may have been lucky in this respect) always felt I was being treated as an individual, and not categorised as a woman, whether for positive or negative discrimination. There is such a diverse range of personalities, both male and female, that seem much more important than any simple gender divide. I hope we can move towards recognising that as a society.

Posted by HMS in Stories